Steam turbine power plant and system



March 6, 1928.

STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT AND SYSTEM Filed A112. 15. 1924 TURBINE a INVENTOR 7 4: Z'se/ Patented Mar. s, 1928.

FRANZ roentgen-3313mm, lcz ncr'rosriovaxra STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT AND. sYstr'EM.

Application filed August 15, 1924; Seria1 No.'732BO'h 1andQ-inAustria September'24;.1923-.

This invention relates steam-turbine power plants and systems, part cularly plants including multistage steam turbines. I

The object of the invention, generally stated, is a novel power plant or system haying a' considerable reserve-capacity andhaving peculiar. flexibility of operation which renders it capable of economical workingv under varying load condlt ons; The lnven l0 tion is particularly appl cable to power plants having multistage steam turbinesand resides in such division of the turbines into, such parts and so connected up with steam supply and separate condenser unlts that all or said parts may be'either connectedin at full load or partialloa'd operation, or one or more parts may be entirely disconnected at partial load i and smaller output from the steam supply so as to obtainmaximum efiiciency'in: the turbine partsgremaining in service andwithojut undue losses in the idle turbine part or parts which continue: to

run. More particularly the :invention' in cludes a two or more part multistagetur bine unit connected at stages. of difierent pressures in such n anner' with two or more condenser units and with two or more separate steam supply-lines leading to stagejs of difi'erent pressures of said turbineunit that either thehighpressure part of the turbine or a lower pressure part of the vturbine "unit may be simultaneously. operated by receiv ing steam from the two or more supplylines.

My improved power plant or'steam'turbine system particularly includes a separatespe cial condenser provided for higher pressure stages 01'' the turbine unit and connect i ed with the'exhaust ofahigh pressure stage of the high pressure partof the turbineun'it;

and a lower pressure steam supply boiler unit connectedto an intermediate stage of the turbine unit'wi'th connect-ions such that" all parts of the turbine unit and the two or more. boiler units may-be cons nected in and run 'simultaneouslyjor the turbine unit may be vdivided at will to runfrom separate steam lines simultaneously or to run one divided part independently-or the other and without regard to whether the steam energy or supply latter is receiving ing power to the shaft.-

Another important object istoper mit" independentoperation of any section with,-

embodying myinvention; f i I Referringto the drawings, I have indi cated diagrammatically as us ra e a .65

out interfering with the operation ofthe Other objectsand advantageswillhereinremaining section",

after appear.

For a better understanding, of thein ven I tion, reit'erence mayybe had to the a'ccom-,

panying dra-wing which is a schematic or dlagrammatlc illustration of aformlof the invention a' multistage turbine unit mounted on and drivinga common shaft a, this turbine unit compris ng a high pres-i7 sure part it, an intermediateipressure part 1m and a lower pressure; part it. Itiis under-. stoodv that each of these parts k m'and nco 1 power .plant may bediviIded into a number of turbine};

stages and'particular ly it is preferable that the turbine parts it and m shouldbejback' pressure. parts of the multistage low velocity character. ,Gonnected with the "admission end of the high pressure part it of the'turf .bine unit 187a boilerunit 7& giving anysuitable steam pressure supply asp and-a steam line ,vvith aw-valve' means 1- is indicated-for supplying; the" steam from; the boiler [al to bine-parth. 7 Similarly there is a'fboiler: unit iswhich is capable ofsupplying lsteam at a 1 pressure {0 which is lower; than the pressure" p namely a pressure corresponding tothe: pressure of the steam admitted to v the inter mediate part m oftheturbine. A stea-mline conta ning'a valve; means -t isindiCatedfora:

supplying'the steam from the boiler "70 at,

say, pressure {0 to-theadmissioniend of the turbine part m.' The system includesa main condenser 0 connected with the exhaust :end I of the low pressure turbine partwfor creatinggthe necessary vacuum operation. G

indicates axsecond and separate special condenserconnected through a steamlin-e and valve means-u with the exhaust end-'of-thehigh pressure turbine part it fora purpo h r af er Set forth, andthe'two "turbine parts h and m are connected tlirough-a valvet H'IQEHIS- 8. x

The boiler or. stea'mfgenerator; lc lth'ere fore, suppliesthe steam at pressure p whic'h is 'consnmed'only in the turbinepartsjm and n while the steam supply from the high pressure boiler 70 may be usediin all-three;

.theadmission end .of the high pressure tur-f v u and t are closedand the valves 1 and s are open. The plant may, however, be divided into two separate units by opening the valves a, t and r and'closing the valve 3,

namely the unit 76. h and 0 and the unit m, a, and 0; and either of these parts in operation.

may be operated independently of the other if desired from its particular source of steam. In the event of operation of the high pressure dlv sion the condenser 0 takes the backpres sure steam from the exhaust end of the .high pressure part it and condenses the steam in the manner of the usual condenser, either under vacuum or under pressure, as is desired, but in any event at a pressure which is slightly lower than the exit pressure of h. At partial orreduced loads a peculiarly economical operation is effected by shutting off entirely one of these divided parts. For example, if the load can be car-- ried by the intermediate and low pressure parts m and n then the valves r and 8 maybe closed Withthe valve u open,-which shuts the high pressure part h off from its supply of steam from the boiler and by the connec tion of the exhaust end of thehigh' pressure part'with the separate condenser 0 the high pressure turbine part it may be caused to run in a vacuum or back pressure without doing work, and with a consequentminimum loss if the condenser remains in operation. Similarly, if desired, the intermediate and low pressure parts we and n may be shutoff by closing the valves 8 and t and openingthe valves 1" and u, thereby causing the parts m and n to run in a vacuum with a minimum of losses if the main condenser remains steam from the high pressure stages of the 'moreseparate condensers to obtain a part it when it is running independently and it may also be used to cause the latter to run, in avacuum with a minimum of losses when the parts m and n are supplying the reduced load from the low pressure boil er system 70 I -But for independent operation of the uhigh pressure part '72 and the lower pres sure parts m and a of the turbine unit it becomes very important to employ two or per- I fectly independent operation of the different parts of the'combined system, to prevent the operation of the system from being affected The special condenser 0 serves the purpose of recelving the exhaust and to maintain reliability of operation. 7

According to the present invention, these'advantages are secured by providing, in additionto the maincondenser 0 a separate m special condenser c for thehigher pressure stages-and to supply thereto the exhaust fluid from such higher presure stages or part during certain periods-of operation. The

separate condenser 0 takes care of the con dition of the exhaust fluid from the high pressure part hindependent'of. the back pressure or vacuum and the temperature (conditions in the main condenser'c e -The Y back pressure and temperature cond tlons 1n the main condenser 0 and in thefi-separate condenser 0 may be different but by appliv cation of this invention interference of one with the other is avoided.

This is partic ularly important because the temperature and pressure of the exhaust fluid of thehigh pressure turbine part it are in most cases considerably higher than the back pressure and temperature of the exhaust fluid of the low pressure part a; This-is obvious inasmuch as the exhaust fluid of the high pres sure part/h acts during certain periods of operation of the't-urbines as the admission fluid or a part of the admission fluid for operating the intermediate part at and low pressure part a of the turbines. The exhaust l conditions fof the exhaust fluid correspond in such cases more or less to the admission conditions of the intake fiui d'of the succeed ing turbine part it. Therefore, by the 'pro vision of the separatecondenser 0 which also takes account of the higher pressure and r temperatures ofthe exhaust'fluid ofpart 7L,

positive provision is made for-preventing harmful interference Wit-lithe temperature,

and the back-pressure or vacuum conditions in the main condenser and consequently for preventing harmful and dangerous effects in the low pressure turbine part- 1 which would dependence-of the main condenser from the result from suchtemperature and pressure; changes in the mam condenser 0 The in-.

higher pressure system and from the 0011- ditions therein and further the independ V H ence of certain parts, of thesystem and their independent and simultaneous operation "as well as-their dependent cooperation arose cured by the present invention. In certain instances it maybe desirable to supply steam simultaneously from both boiler units 1 and 70 in which case both valves 1 and t also valve 3 would be opened and'valveu' closed. When the dividedinarts of the plant are running independently valve u isopened and valve 8 closed. The parts m, a must there'- fore be capable of receiving and consuming both the steam from the exhaust part it and the steam supplied from boiler unit lc 'and any of the usual and well known valve means I (indicated generally by'the letter It) may be employed for admitting and regulating the "iii supply of steam thereto according varying demand. While I have, i

Having thus described my invention, what I I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. In a steam turbine power plant the combination of a multistage steam turbine unit divided into two or more independent parts operating at different pressures and connected in tandem to successively receive the expanding steam, said turbine parts driving a common load shaft, a pair of independent steam generators for generatlng steam at different pressures, the high pressure steam generator havlng a steam connection leading to the admission end of the high pressure part and the low pressure steam generator having a connection leading to the admission end of a lower pressure part of the turbine unit, a main condenser unit connected with the exhaust of the lowest pressure part of the turbine unit, a'separate condenser unit provided for higher pressure stages of the turbine unit and adapted to be connected with the, exhaust of 'ahigher pres sure turbine part, and valve means in the connections leading from the steam generators to their respective turbineparts and in:

the connections leading respectively from to the agrammatically indicated the independent turbine} the exhaust end of the higher pressure part to the second condenser and to the admission [end of the following part of the turbine.

2. In a steam turbine power plant, the combination of a multistage steam turbine 1 unit divided into at; least'two independent parts operating at different admission pressuresand adapted to be operated in series,

a steam generator for generating high pressure steam and another steam generator for generating steam of a lower pressure than said Jhigh pressure steam generator, a steamsupply connection leading from said high pressurasteam generator to the admission end of the high pressure turbine vpart, a

steam supply connection leading from said lower pressure steam generator tothe'admis-Y sion ot 'a lower pressure stage of said turbine unit, a mam condenservfor sald turbine unit,

an exhaust connection line. leading fromthe lowest pressure part ofsaidturblne unit to said mam condenser, a separate condenser provided for higher pressure stages of the turbine unit,-a connection between said sep- 'arate-condenser and the exhaust of the high pressurerturbine part of said turbine unit,

valve means in the last=mentioned connectlon, and valve means 1n said connections a leading from said steam'g'enerators to theirv respective turblne parts and also in the con-V nection leading from the exhaust of the highs pressure'stage of said high pressure turbine part to the admission of said following part of the turbine for opening and closing the connections.

' In testimony whereof, I have/signed my name to this specification.

FRANZ Losnn 

